August 9, 2018; New York Times
In a “discovery” that should surprise no one, Frances Robles in the New York Times reports that, “The government of Puerto Rico quietly acknowledged in a report posted online that in all likelihood more than 1,400 people died in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria—a figure that is more than 20 times the official death toll.” As NPQ reported in June, the government’s health department had already upped its estimate by 1,200 people. For his part, Governor Ricardo Rosselló said at the time, “We’ve been saying that the numbers were going to be much higher.”
An official government estimate is expected after a report is released from a team based out of George Washington University in Washington, DC in the next few weeks.
In the meantime, the Times pays relatively little attention to the report itself. Titled Transformation and Innovation in the Wake of Devastation: An Economic and Disaster Recovery Plan for Puerto Rico, the report is still in “draft” form but outlines the Puerto Rican government’s vision for recovery, which includes a $125-billion, 10-year plan.
“The recovery,” the draft report notes, “will need to be supported by multiple federal agencies and nonfederal programs, including the Disaster Relief Fund; Congressional Supplemental Appropriations; steady-state federal programs; and nongovernment sources such as private insurance claims, philanthropic private and corporate foundations, and venture capital.”
In the draft report, the Puerto Rico government commits to employing “a dashboard of recovery indicators—organized around key themes such as economic growth and quality of life—for tracking progress, identifying areas of strength and weakness, supporting economic growth, and building community resilience to future shocks.”
One key point from the draft report is that the government estimates that recovery is at least a ten-year process. Judging from the experience of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, that would seem to be a reasonable estimate. The government’s plan, correspondingly, divides its proposed recovery response into two periods: a preliminary two-year period to meet immediate priorities, and a longer, eight-year period (years 3 through 10) focused on more structural changes.
As for the top short-term (years 1 and 2) needs, the government identifies these three:
- Reestablish lifeline systems to provide reliable energy, water, communications, and transportation.
- Improve emergency preparedness infrastructure and develop the government workforce so that all residents and businesses are better protected in advance of a future disaster.
- Clarify ownership and responsibility for various infrastructure, assets, and services so that repairs can be completed efficiently.
In terms of longer-term goals, by September 2027, the government of Puerto Rico aims to:
- Stem outmigration from the Island.
- Revitalize urban centers.
- Scale social services, health, education, and infrastructure systems to meet the health, social, and economic needs of the current and future population.
- Rebuild infrastructure.
- Establish modern methods for providing both the public and private sectors timely, accurate, and comprehensive information.
The report itself observes that in the decade after the island’s fiscal crisis began in 2006 and before Hurricane Maria hit the island, Puerto Rico had already suffered a negative net migration of 525,769 people, equivalent to 14 percent of its population.
“It is estimated,” the report continues, “that destruction from Hurricanes Irma and Maria will lead to as much outmigration from the Island in two years as seen in the previous decade under a notable fiscal crisis.”
The report also offers a breakdown of the impact of Maria, including the 1,427-deaths figure cited by the Times; detailed chapters on how to rebuild energy, water, communications, and transportation systems; and a list of 270 capital projects to undertake over the coming decade.
As far as how to rebuild for the long haul, however, the government’s vision is largely uninspired. On page 40 of the report, the government outlines its approach as follows:
• Increase the attractiveness of doing business in Puerto Rico by lowering the costs of doing business, including both financial and non-financial costs, and stemming the flow of outmigration
• Increase the formal labor force participation rate by reducing or removing disincentives for formal work
• Broaden the tax base and increase the fiscal and economic resilience of Puerto Rico through a flattening of the tax structure and lower dependence on particular tax exemptions
• Increase fiscal discipline to ensure a sustainable and right-sized public sector.
In short, the Puerto Rican government’s approach centers on continued austerity, a vision that reflects what Naomi Klein calls the Shock Doctrine, which makes a